The most commonly used name is clubbed thumb, or club thumb. The condition is known under numerous names. Of the studied sample (which included 2,130 participants 969 male and 1,161 female), 3.55% were found to have brachydactyly type D. Some studies included taking radiographs of hands and wrists to examine their skeletal structure. However, as the survey's Arab test persons were mainly recruited from a handful of large and closely related clans living in a particular village, said percentage should be 'considered with some reservation', according to Goodman et alia (1965).Ĭases of stub thumbs have also been found in Eastern Nepal for Jirel ethnic individuals from their participation in various epidemiologic studies. Hereditary trait Ī 1965 scientific study in Israel found that 3.05% of Palestinians in Israel had one or two stub thumbs, compared with 1.57% among Ashkenazi as well as non-Ashkenazi Jews. Various other studies supported an autosomal dominant pattern with reduced penetrance. The condition is associated with the HOXD13 gene, which is central in digital formation and growth. Genetics Ī genetic trait, brachydactyly type D exhibits autosomal dominance and is commonly developed or inherited independently of other hereditary traits. The condition may either be unilateral (affecting one thumb) or bilateral (affecting both). Stecher (1957) claimed that it is approximately two-thirds. Breithenbecher (1923) found that distal phalanges of stub thumbs were one-half the length of full-length thumbs, while R.M. Brachydactyly type D is a skeletal condition which exhibits a 'partial fusion or premature closing of the epiphysis with the distal phalanx of the thumb', according to Goodman et alia (1965).
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